my poem SU KRVANU.

Hello Friends this is my poem.

Thank you..

Dr. Faustus by Christopher Marlow..

Dr. Faustus

Author: Christopher Marlow

Year of Publication: 1604

Type of Work: Drama Tragedy,

Age: Renaissance.

“The tragically history of the life and death of Dr. Faustus “commonly referred to as “Doctor Faustus” is a play by Cristopher Marlow. It is based on a Faustus story in which a man sells his soul to the devil for power and knowledge “DR. FAUSTUS” was first published in 1604, twelve years after Marlow’s death. No Elizabethan may outside the Shakespearean canon has raised more controversy than “DOCTOR Faustus”. There is no agreement concerning the nature of the text and the date of composition.

Full Summary....

      Faustus becomes dissatisfied with his studies of medicine, law, logic and theology; therefore, he decides to turn to the dangerous practice of necromancy, or magic. He has his servant Wagner summon Valdes and Cornelius, two German experts in magic. Faustus tells them that he has decided to experiment in necromancy and needs them to teach him some of the fundamentals.

When he is alone in his study, Faustus begins experimenting with magical incantations, and suddenly Mephistophilis appears, in the form of an ugly devil. Faustus sends him away, telling him to reappear in the form of a friar. Faustus discovers that it is not his conjuring which brings forth Mephistophilis but, instead, that when anyone curses the trinity, devils automatically appear. Faustus sends Mephistophilis back to hell with the bargain that if Faustus is given twenty-four years of absolute power, he will then sell his soul to Lucifer.

      Later, in his study, when Faustus begins to despair, a Good Angel and a Bad Angel appear to him; each encourages Faustus to follow his advice. Mephistophilis appears and Faust agrees to sign a contract in blood with the devil even though several omens appear which warn him not to make this bond.

Faustus begins to repent of his bargain as the voice of the Good Angel continues to urge him to repent. To divert Faustus, Mephistophilis and Lucifer both appear and parade the seven deadly sins before Faustus. After this, Mephistophilis takes Faustus to Rome and leads him into the pope's private chambers, where the two become invisible and play pranks on the pope and some unsuspecting friars.

After this episode, Faustus and Mephistophilis go to the German emperor's court, where they conjure up Alexander the Great. At this time, Faustus also makes a pair of horns suddenly appear on one of the knights who had been skeptical about Faustus' powers. After this episode, Faustus is next seen selling his horse to a horse-courser with the advice that the man must not ride the horse into the water. Later, the horse-courser enters Faustus' study and accuses Faustus of false dealings because the horse had turned into a bundle of hay in the middle of a pond.

After performing other magical tricks such as bringing forth fresh grapes in the dead of winter, Faustus returns to his study, where at the request of his fellow scholars, he conjures up the apparition of Helen of Troy. An old man appears and tries to get Faustus to hope for salvation and yet Faustus cannot. He knows it is now too late to turn away from the evil and ask for forgiveness. When the scholars leave, the clock strikes eleven and Faustus realizes that he must give up his soul within an hour.

As the clock marks each passing segment of time, Faustus sinks deeper and deeper into despair. When the clock strikes twelve, devils appear amid thunder and lightning and carry Faustus off to his eternal damnation.

                                            Thank you...

  

Hamlet: by William Shakespeare

Hamlet

Author: William Shakespeare

Year of Publication: 1603

Type of Work: Drama Tragedy,

Age: Elizabethan Age.

“The Tragedy of Hamlet, prince of Denmark” is a tragedy by William Shakespeare. It is set in the kingdom of Denmark. The play dramatizes the revenge prince Hamlet exacts on his uncle Claudius for murdering king Hamlet, Claudius’s brother and prince Hamlet’s father. Claudius then succeeds to ascend the throne and taking as his wife Gertrude the old king’s widow and prince Hamlet’s mother. The play vividly presents both true and feigned madness. It encompasses a wide gamut of passions from overwhelming grief to seething rage. It explores themes of preacher, revenge, incest and moral and moral corruption.

                “Hamlet” is Shakespeare’s longest play and among the most powerful and influential tragedies in English literature. The play is one of Shakespeare’s most popular works during his lifetime. It still ranks among most-performed, topping the Royal Shakespeare company’s performance list since 1879.

Full Summary: 

Prince Hamlet is depressed. Having been summoned home to Denmark from school in Germany to attend his father's funeral, he is shocked to find his mother Gertrude already remarried. The Queen has wed Hamlet's Uncle Claudius, the dead king's brother. To Hamlet, the marriage is "foul incest." Worse still, Claudius has had himself crowned King despite the fact that Hamlet was his father's heir to the throne. Hamlet suspects foul play.

When his father's ghost visits the castle, Hamlet's suspicions are confirmed. The Ghost complains that he is unable to rest in peace because he was murdered. Claudius, says the Ghost, poured poison in King Hamlet's ear while the old king napped. Unable to confess and find salvation, King Hamlet is now consigned, for a time, to spend his days in Purgatory and walk the earth by night. He entreats Hamlet to avenge his death, but to spare Gertrude, to let Heaven decide her fate.

Hamlet vows to affect madness — puts "an antic disposition on" — to wear a mask that will enable him to observe the interactions in the castle, but finds himself more confused than ever. In his persistent confusion, he questions the Ghost's trustworthiness. What if the Ghost is not a true spirit, but rather an agent of the devil sent to tempt him? What if killing Claudius results in Hamlet's having to relive his memories for all eternity? Hamlet agonizes over what he perceives as his cowardice because he cannot stop himself from thinking. Words immobilize Hamlet, but the world he lives in prizes action.

In order to test the Ghost's sincerity, Hamlet enlists the help of a troupe of players who perform a play called The Murder of Gonzago to which Hamlet has added scenes that recreate the murder the Ghost described. Hamlet calls the revised play The Mousetrap, and the ploy proves a success. As Hamlet had hoped, Claudius' reaction to the staged murder reveals the King to be conscience-stricken. Claudius leaves the room because he cannot breathe, and his vision is dimmed for want of light. Convinced now that Claudius is a villain, Hamlet resolves to kill him. But, as Hamlet observes, "conscience doth make cowards of us all."

In his continued reluctance to dispatch Claudius, Hamlet actually causes six ancillary deaths. The first death belongs to Polonius, whom Hamlet stabs through a wallhanging as the old man spies on Hamlet and Gertrude in the Queen's private chamber. Claudius punishes Hamlet for Polonius' death by exiling him to England. He has brought Hamlet's school chums Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to Denmark from Germany to spy on his nephew, and now he instructs them to deliver Hamlet into the English king's hands for execution. Hamlet discovers the plot and arranges for the hanging of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern instead. Ophelia, distraught over her father's death and Hamlet's behavior, drowns while singing sad love songs bemoaning the fate of a spurned lover. Her brother, Laertes, falls next.

Laertes, returned to Denmark from France to avenge his father's death, witnesses Ophelia's descent into madness. After her funeral, where he and Hamlet come to blows over which of them loved Ophelia best, Laertes vows to punish Hamlet for her death as well.

Unencumbered by words, Laertes plots with Claudius to kill Hamlet. In the midst of the sword fight, however, Laertes drops his poisoned sword. Hamlet retrieves the sword and cuts Laertes. The lethal poison kills Laertes. Before he dies, Laertes tells Hamlet that because Hamlet has already been cut with the same sword, he too will shortly die. Horatio diverts Hamlet's attention from Laertes for a moment by pointing out that "The Queen falls."

Gertrude, believing that Hamlet's hitting Laertes means her son is winning the fencing match, has drunk a toast to her son from the poisoned cup Claudius had intended for Hamlet. The Queen dies.

As Laertes lies dying, he confesses to Hamlet his part in the plot and explains that Gertrude's death lies on Claudius' head. Finally enraged, Hamlet stabs Claudius with the poisoned sword and then pours the last of the poisoned wine down the King's throat. Before he dies, Hamlet declares that the throne should now pass to Prince Fortinbras of Norway, and he implores his true friend Horatio to accurately explain the events that have led to the bloodbath at Elsinore. With his last breath, he releases himself from the prison of his words: "The rest is silence."

The play ends as Prince Fortinbras, in his first act as King of Denmark, orders a funeral with full military honors for slain Prince Hamlet.

The Sense Of Ending by Julian Barnes

The Sense Of Ending.

Author: Julian Barnes

Year Of Publication: 2011.

Type of Work: Novel.

The New Literature.

Questions and answers of novel "Sense of an Ending"

1)What is the meaning of phrase ‘Blood Money’ in Veronica’s reply email?

Ans: The Sense of an Ending by Julian Barnes is a difficult book to review. Although I enjoyed reading it, I still feel somewhat in the dark about certain aspects of it. It has an apt title because for days, I was trying to make sense of not only the ending but the whole book. I was pleasantly surprised when one of the readers of my blog emailed me just to discuss it.

 The phrase 'Blood Money' can have meanings like, relationship with Sarah caused Adrian's suicide. And her money is given to Tony. Their relationship damages young Adrian's life so it can be called Blood Money and Tony is cause of all damages so Veronica call his (given) money as 'Blood Money'.

2)How do you decipher the equation: b = s – v x/+ a1 or a2 + v + a1 X s = b?

Ans: Here, writer also play one puzzle with d reader by putting out this sum: b=s-v x/+a1 or a2+v+a1 X s=b?.

B=baby(Adrian)

S=Sarah

A=Adrian(Father)

V=veronica

Here, Adrian’s equation suggests his relation with Sarah  mother of Veronica .And, the child grown under them. And, may be that  baby is Adrian(second) abnormal.

  The equation Means b =baby or young Adrian, s = Sarah, V= Veronica, a= Adrian.

b = s – v x/+ a1 means, Young Adrian, b is a result of Sarah's relationship with Adrian (x/+) with breaking relationship with Veronica(-).

a2 + v + a1 X s = b?  a2 means Anthony ( Adrian used to address Tony as Anthony) It says relationship of Tony with Veronica, and her relationship with Adrian. And Adrian and Sarah's relationship multiplies b means gave birth to baby or young Adrian.

3)  Adrian’s diary is willed to Tony by Sarah Ford. How come Sarah Ford owned it? Why was it in the possession of Veronica?

  Ans:  Adrian's diary is with Sarah. Their relationship is an effect of Tony's letter. So, she willed it to Tony. But Veronica knows all the things. even she can view that the reason of young Adrian's suffering is also three of them. The bitter and cruel letter of Tony is in the route. So, she did not want to give him diary. Because of Tony's strong affords, she started giving clues to him and want him to understand all the things. Perhaps that can be reason of her possession. 

     One thing that stood out on rereading the book is that Sarah Ford doesn't look much like Veronica. She is much taller and is facially dissimilar. She also acts differently to the rest of the Ford clan and seems to take against her own daughter.

    4) Was the mentally retarded middle aged ‘Adrian’, Tony’s friend who did not commit suicide and was suffering from trauma and thus gone mad, and was living with hidden identity?

      Ans: 

As in the novel so many things are not clear and it’s also a possible that Adrian was guilty of his seen had gone mad, and that’s why He was leaving a secret life with hiding his identity. And it seems more logical if we consider Toney’s narration and memory reliable because he says in second part that Adrian was the only friend of our group who has great control over his emotions and, he was practical in his life so he can not commit suicide just because that he made his girlfriend pregnant. Or there should be some other reason.

    5)How was Veronica related to Adrian, the one suffering in care-in-the-community?

      Ans: 

If we consider Adrian who is suffering from mental trauma as Sara and Adrian’s son than veronica and Adrian are siblings .And we consider that Adrian, Toney’s friend who is suffering from mental trauma and has gone made than He can considered as step-father of Veronica.

    6)

 Do you see any missing block – some dot which is not getting connected with the whole or dot missing to get full sense of the novel - in the plot of this psychological thriller?

     Ans: Smart, Intelligent, manipulative, trustworthy, stubborn at some extent and sacrificial. The novel is just like “The Birthday Party “where we are not told much about all character’s history and we are left with so many possibilities.

7)Do you see any possible reason in the suicide of Adrian Finn?

Ans: Unreliable narrator is one whose narration cannot be taken as reliable or whose narration is not faithful to reality.  we never come to know that what happened in reality. Weather that struggle of survival was of human being or of animal.

8)  In the light of new revelations, how do you read character of Veronica? Instinctive, manipulative, calculating, stubborn, haughty, sacrificial, trustworthy, good Samaritan?

Ans:  the narrator is unreliable, he himself goes on telling and deconstruction his own narrated events. Another thing whatever he narrated in part one, is deconstruction and challenged in second part. So, he is unreliable. Whatever is said. is only with his point of view and even in far past, so to recall all events truly is impossible and he himself goes on telling that, memory is imperfect.

9) What do you mean by Unreliable Narrator? Is Tony Webster classifiable as Unreliable Narrator?

Ans:  It seems too much to believe that he would repress the memory of having slept with his girlfriend’s mother. He is an unreliable narrator, yes, but just how unreliable? For me, it seems more likely that Adrian is the father. But you may be right – only Julian Barnes can tell us, and he probably won’t!

Thank You....

    

 

Research work: (Reading Habit)

I have completed research work with my Friends.

Paper: English Language  Teaching

(ELT)                  

  2/16/2016

Prepared by: 1] Vanita Tadha

                      2] Asmita Gond

                     3] Sonal Baraiya

                      4] Vanita Baldaniya

                      5] Daya Gohel

                      6] Neha Mehta

                      7] Jayshree Solanki


Under the guidance of Dr. Dilip Barad


1 What is reading habit?

2 Methodology

3 Different Reading Techniques

The four main types of reading techniques are the following:

What Is Skimming?

What Is Scanning?

Intensive Reading

Extensive reading

4 How many ways people are using for reading?

5 Which types of sources people would like to read?

6 What people think about reading?

1] Children

2] Youth

3] Old

 Which types of reading children like?

 Analysis of children’s reading source

 Mentality of Parents towards children:

 Which types of reading youth like?

 Analysis of Youth’s reading source

 What did teachers’ views about reading?

 Our views on youth according their replies:

 Which types of reading old people prefer?

 Analysis of Old’s reading source

 Jivabhai Dodiya’s view

 Old vs new education according to old people

7 What a librarian think about reading books?

8 What we found?

9 What are our views about reading habit?

10 Conclusion

11 Suggestions

12 Bibliography


What is the purpose of research?


As a part of English Language Teaching (ELT) curriculum and in order

to gain practical knowledge in the field of literature, we are required to

do a research paper in any field so we are doing on “Reading Habit”.

The basic objective of doing this research is to gain knowledge

regarding the literature and to interpret its various implications.

The objective of the research is to find out the concepts which were

unknown and to find out modern challenges regarding learning and

teaching literature. This research helps to enhance knowledge regarding

Literature. Through this research one can know about importance of

group work and role of devotion towards the work.

Acknowledgement

It is great pleasure for us to get golden opportunity to have research

work in our study in Department of English.

In completing this research several people are involved directly and

indirectly. They guide and help the researchers in preparing research and

in receiving practical knowledge.

We are thankful to the head of The Department, Department of English

Prof. Dr. Dilip Barad who suggested the function of reading habit. We

hearty express our gratitude to those people who have given us

permission to take their interviews, photos, videos, and providing such

nice information or we can say without it we could not complete it.

What is reading habit?

    The act of a person who reads any matter that can be read. It can be

anything which is written or printed like novels, short stories, poems,

articles, magazines, newspapers etc. its depends on reader’s mood to

read. In this it is not necessary to concentrate on grammatical structures

or meanings because it depends on individual’s ways of understanding.

It enhances understanding of particular culture, religion, and it does not

just provide knowledge, but it inspires the intellectuality to evoke and

ultimately it leads to the growth. In ‘Vanche Gujarat’ mission, Chief

Minister said that at the time when our lives have become robotic, books

are the way out from this unfortunate situation. Our social structure has

been immersed from the ‘granths’ like Ramayan and Mahabharat.

“The things I want to know are in books, my best friend is the man

who’ll get me a book I aim, read.” (Abraham Lincoln)

The present scenario of readers has been changed drastically recently

compare to what it read to be in past. Now it has becomes much more

innovative through the use of latest technology and improved ideas of

writers. It is one of the favourite areas of improving self-amongst many

Novels, textbooks, manuals, magazines, newspapers, and mail are just a

few of the things that people read every day. Effective and proficient

readers learn to use many ways of reading for different purposes.

Skimming, scanning, and critical reading are different styles of reading

and information processing. (78)

Methodology

First we have prepared the question bank for reader and then we have

visited 100 houses to get the idea about reading habit. We have covered

at list all the houses like lower class, middle class and upper class. It not

just focuses on reading but try to get the views about changing

educational system in modern era. One by one we have asked several

questions and emphasized on educated family and retired people.  There

is several lines are written which is spoken by reader. If reader is

preferring old things then we goes deep in them and if they are opposite

like preferring modern then we asked more about that. According to

their views we have tried to gives our views about reading habit but it is

more personal. According to their wish we have taken their and books

photographs and some video clips as a prof. We have asked source of

the reading habit like name of the books, name of the writers and articles

so we can get the specific idea that how readers are involving their self

and looking towards reading source.  Majority questions are related to

“why” and “what”.

Different Reading Techniques

The readers should be aware of which technique is most suited but for

their proposes they are reading so there is no definite technique is used.

The four main types of reading techniques are the following:

·         Skimming

Skimming and scanning are two very different strategies for speed

reading. They are each used for different purposes, and they are not

meant to be used all the time. They are at the fast end of the speed

reading range, while studying is at the slow end.

People who know how to skim and scan are flexible readers. They read

according to their purpose and get the information they need quickly

without wasting time. They do not read everything which is what

increases their reading speed. Their skill lies in knowing what specific

information to read and which method to use.
       

What Is Skimming?


Skimming refers to looking only for the general or main ideas, and

works best with non-fiction (or factual) material. With skimming, your

overall understanding is reduced because you don’t read everything.

You read only what is important to your purpose. Skimming takes place

while reading and allows you to look for details in addition to the main

ideas. Skimming may help in order to know what the text is about at its

most basic level. You might typically do this with a magazine or

newspaper and would help you mentally and quickly shortlist those

articles which you might consider for a deeper read. You might typically

skim to search for a name in a telephone directory.

You can reach a speed count of even 700 words per minute if you train

yourself well in this particular method. Comprehension is of course very

low and understanding of overall content very superficial.

While reading, ask yourself the following questions to help you decide

whether or not to skim. If you answer yes to any of these, then skimming

is a useful tool.


?    Is this material non-fiction?

?    Do I have a lot to read and only a small amount of time?

?    Do I already know something about this?

?    Can any of the material be skipped?


What Is Scanning? 

Scanning is another useful tool for speeding up your reading. Unlike

skimming, when scanning, you look only for a specific fact or piece of

information without reading everything. You scan when you look for

your favorite show listed in the cable guide, for your friend’s phone

number in a telephone book, and for the sports scores in the newspaper.

For scanning to be successful, you need to understand how your material

is structured as well as comprehend what you read so you can locate the

specific information you need. Scanning also allows you to find details

and other information in a hurry.

Keep the concept of key words in mind while scanning. Your purpose

will determine the key words. How to scan.  Because you already scan

many different types of material in your daily life, learning more details

about scanning will be easy. Establishing your purpose, locating the

appropriate material, and knowing how the information is structured

before you start scanning is essential.

Intensive Reading

You need to have your aims clear in mind when undertaking intensive

reading. Remember this is going to be far more time consuming than

scanning or skimming. If you need to list the chronology of events in a

long passage, you will need to read it intensively. This type of reading

has indeed beneficial to language learners as it helps them understand

vocabulary by deducing the meaning of words in context. It moreover,

helps with retention of information for long periods of time and

knowledge resulting from intensive reading persists in your long term

This is one reason why reading huge amounts of information just before

an exam does not work very well. When students do this, they undertake

neither type of reading process effectively, especially neglecting

intensive reading. They may remember the answers in an exam but will

likely forget everything soon afterwards.

Extensive reading

Extensive reading involves reading for pleasure. Because there is an

element of enjoyment in extensive reading it is unlikely that students

will undertake extensive reading of a text they do not like. It also

requires a fluid decoding and assimilation of the text and content in front

of you. If the text is difficult and you stop every few minutes to figure

out what is being said or to look up new words in the dictionary, you are

breaking your concentration and diverting your thoughts.


How many ways people are using for reading?


There are three ways

Which types of sources people would like to read?



SR.NO. Religion Novels News Paper Others Writer

1 Bhagvad Gita Five point

2 Ramayana Two States Gujrat

3 Mahabharata Half

4 Vedas Madhyabindu Divyadhaskar Dictionary Kanti

5 Palival Jyot  Morpinch Shatdal Grammar Kajal Oza

6 Vishnu

Sahastra

7 Yugshakti

Gayatri

8 Vrat Katha Madhurima Kalapino Kekarav

9 Hanuman

Chalisa

10 Jagmag Aesop fable

11 Balbhaskar Udan

12 Chitralok Safari

13 Dharmalok Sorthi Barvatiya

14 Sahiyar

15 Times of

                   

What people think about reading?


Readers’ have positive opinion about reading. They say reading is a

receptive skill like listening. This means it involves responding to text.

People read for several reasons like entertainment, time pass,

knowledge, information, to learn and make self-better, to satisfying self,

to enjoy, and being free etc.


The analysis is presented below:


1] Children

Which types of reading children like?

Children are reading small fable story from Panchtantra, Balbhaskar,

Jagmag and Magazine. They won’t have enough time to read other

(except their course). Children were conscious about reading Literature

and we observe that today’s generation is smarter so they know the use

of Technology and also they read whatever they want by searching on

Analysis of children’s reading source

Mentality of Parents towards children:

The research is not only related with reading habit but it also related the

psychology of children that how they were thinking about reading

literature. We went one teacher’s house where we observed that the

child was very conscious about reading various books because his

parents were suggested him to read such books. It means lack of

motivation children don’t realize to read. A child wants to use cell phone

but their parent’s mentality prevents him that it is worth to use or it

wasting money and time.

Due to the suppression by parents and teachers they need to read, means

very few times they willingly read.  They are so enthusiastic to provide

us answers.  Children are conditioned by the advice of elder as do and

Which types of reading youth like?

In this group we included the higher level students and teachers. They

are not only reading their syllabus texts but also other Literatures too.

The students are reading for special purpose like they want to get more

marks and compare their self with others means they want to show

sincerity to their parents, relatives and their teachers.

They give more important to their course rather than other things.  Apart

from their course some are reading newspapers, novels, magazine,

general knowledge books, blogs, and some sites which provide them

exam and course related information. Mostly they gets reading source

from their school library.

Kavitaben, house wife said she is reading self-help books and

dictionary to develop self.

Tanviben, doctor is free minded and reading Chetan Bhagat’s books,

blogs, traveling books. She is a house maker and has a baby boy though

she is sparing time for reading.

Analysis of Youth’s reading source


What did teachers’ views about reading?


The teachers are also reading for their students and self-improvement.

We have observed that many people have told that by reading we get not

only the knowledge but also a way of living life.

One teacher Dipakbhai said I weekly brought one book to read and he

explain his teaching technique as he taking test through PPT

(PowerPoint Presentation). He displayed one question and gave certain

minutes to find out answer then next slide and it continue until the end.

Arti Parmar said she is publishing book per three month named

“Udan”, in which they show students’ creativity. She believes it can

easily preserve rather than newspaper.

Ashok Dhameliya, English teacher always asking question to his

student through which he is teaching and he also said that he is learning

from student. He has so many books like; “The Tempest”, “Hamlet”,

“Middlemarch”, or one can say MA level materiel but all are in sake and

shift it on shelf. He said now I don’t have time to read. He suggests one

tall free no. 180030000881 to lean English free of cost.

Our views on youth according their replies:

The research has given us several ways to know the mind of young that

how they were habituated by reading. They mostly preferred to read

Chetan Bhagat’s books like “five point someone”, “Two states”, “Three

mistakes of my life”, “and “Half Girlfriend”, etc. People motley doesn’t

read after their government jobs. We want find passions to read in

younger generation as compare to old but still they are considering

smart. They are enough mature to understand the literature.

They have lots of beliefs about reading that it works as a teacher, self-

learning and can improve many things but they are not reading much.

Doctors are also reading   newspapers, novels and magazine but we

won’t get any engineer and businessman who are reading.

During our research we have visited many areas and in every area we

found a group of women who were talking into group and after asking

questions about reading various books they only responded that, “We

have no time from our children and house hold work so we can’t spend

our time for reading book”.

We  also met one Tamil family who were living in Bhavnagar since

many years we asked many questions and at the end we have observe

that the girl who studies into college she told that my mother used to

read magazines or books which were related with beauty tips. So here

we can apply black skin white mask theory that how people’s mentality

changes according to their needs. So beauty tips books cannot change

the real natural look of people though they were reading those books.

3] Old    

 Which types of reading old people prefer? 

                           

This is a large group of people who has interest to read.  Most of old

people either male or female they generally used to read religion books

mostly Ramayana, Mahabharata, Bhagvad Gita, and particular religion

One Old grand pa was met who told that today’s books were  worth

reading because old books were gives essence of understanding about

culture and behavior whereas modern books only  gives sensuous delight

except cultural tendencies.

   We have found an old women her name was Jasuben  Kapdia, told us

that “I am uneducated  women though I know many stories which were I

know by hearing from somebody” So we can say that reading habit not

only developed  by reading books  but it can developed by hearing

something from people.

We also observe that many people told “We want to read but because of

illiteracy we can’t read books or anything”.

Analysis of Old’s reading source

Jivabhai Dodiya’s view

Old vs new education according to old people

They prefer old education than new or modern. Syllabus is a kind of

burden for children because it beyond the capacity of children. In past

siblings can pass with same books but now within a year there is

possibility of changing syllabus.

We also found groups of old people who were retied from their job, they

started to blame the new generation and education that past education is

better than the present as ‘Bhar vagrnu bahntar’. They have read many

books but very old books and still they are reading old books. They have

not read any new books and so their mind are still wondering into the

old ideas and moralities so we can say that “Books can changes the mind

of the people”.

People weren’t interested to teach but for the sake of money they are

doing the job. ‘a lazy teacher spoils one generation’.

What a librarian think about reading books?

Generally people would like to read various Books but it is not easy to

buy many books , because it will requires money which will not

affordable for all people, so Library is the main source for increase our

reading habit by getting various books. Only library is a place which

provides scope to all readers who really wants to read various books. But

it was a big question that which types of books people were borrowing

from library? She replies that according to readers need like children like

to read short and fable stories. Young prefer interesting love story.

In the old age library there are so many books but all were religion and

mostly people were busy in reading like newspaper or religion book.

One grand mother said I am illiterate but I like to look in the books in

which some picture are available because through the picture I can guess

what is written in the books.

Mostly we found that the libraries were empty and holder gave reason

that there is specific time for borrower because of small area.

We come to know about many things which people wants to read like

something new as well as old things. Because old or new both types of

books were provides new knowledge of living life. “Every books has

life”, it is also said one proverb that “don’t give your daughter to those

houses where you can’t find the books”


What we found?


Here we tried to put the important points which we found during survey

Ø Most of the readers are satisfied by their reading.

Ø It is found that many of the readers are not aware about some popular

writer and their books.

Ø People want to read online but won’t have raw material and want know

how to get source.

Ø In some houses there are so many books like Hamlet, The Tempest, Dr.

Faustus and many more but these all kept it in sake.

Ø Some willingly wants to read but they are illiterate and don’t have books

so they asked us to provide the books to them.

Ø Businessman and house maker wants to read but they won’t have time.

Ø Some have time and everything but they are sparing it for gossip and

Ø Some like to read some specific writer.

Ø Children want to use technology for reading but parents won’t allow

because they think children are wasting time and money.

Ø Reader said there was not such things like bank, computer but educator

produce it so the ordinary people are using it.

“People who were well educated they has not time to read and those who

were uneducated they wants to read but they can’t”

What are our views about reading habit?

Vanita Tadha

Reading captures the image of human beings so we can see our own self

in character and in situations. Reading and observing creates the vast

image in peoples mind. Majority it has dual and multiple side. It depends

upon the changeless perspective of human beings.

I have read many things in Guajarati and English like novels articles,

short – stories, essays and blogs. The aim is to read and enhance my

knowledge and language power. But after completing book or article I

found several critical points which make me think more.

Some are interesting books and as a purpose of learning language I have

read but one more output I get is imagination power. How a common

man can resist and come out from suppression. If we are wrong but

when we change the perspective then sometimes we are better and equal

with others.

To read and something is doesn’t make any sense but to act is important

than anything else. Weather it is true or wrong. The journey of life is

unstoppable so with the continuity we should fix our self in any

“And miles to go before

And miles to go before”.

Asmita Gond

“‘But man is not made for defeat,’ He said.’ ‘A man can be destroyed

but not defeated.’”  (Hemingway)

It is reality that from ancient time to today people wants to be superior to

others. Which were we will found into our ancient literature like our epic

‘Ramayana’ and ‘Mahabharata’ and those things were teaches us how to

live life with great hope. So such things we were find through reading

various books so reading habit is very important for each and every

people into their life. As we all know that it is difficult to define what is

literature? Because literature includes every areas of human existence

whether it is a lot amount of books or technologies like T.V., Internet,

etc. So the research into the reading habit is related to those people who

like to read various literatures and also those who do not like to read. So

we can say that reading habit takes on new forms and functions to carry

the weight of new cultural experiences.

Research includes major sets issues are:

1. Understanding how people learn by reading various literatures

2. Multiple influences by reading various things

3. Past experiences

4. The school and personal contexts

Reading barriers                                                                        

Interest                      Motivation

Thinking                   Different Cultural effects

Concept                    Power and money

Time                         Involved in own work

Literacy                    Lack of understanding content

“Not all readers are leaders,

But all leaders are readers” (Harry S, Truman)

It means that reading habit enhance our imagination and thinking power

with which we can get the power of judgment. It also cultivates social

and ethical value to cultivate social sense, with which we will become

eligible to raise questions against the authorities by knowledge of power.

So reading habit is undeniable part of our life and also it related with our

social norms activities of life which spreads knowledge not only for the

sake of self but also for the society.

Sonal Baraiya

There are four skills: (LSRW) listening, speaking, reading, and writing.

Listening and speaking are the first step to learn language but reading

and writing skills enhanced learning the language. So, reading is also

one of the most important parts of learning language. Reading also helps

to enhanced speaking skill.

Reading habit transcends the boundaries of knowledge. It reaches us one

step further than what have we before. It is a way to enjoy informative,

creative, and inspiring works of literature that enrich our life

experiences. No doubt that it takes time to read but it is always

beneficial to enhance our knowledge about surrounding things which are

takes place in our life. Due to this reason that it is requires time, people

be tedious. There are various types of reading that people would like to

read such as: Newspapers, articles, magazines, literature, and what not.

But the literature is one step above than the other things.

"Literature is the next level of image. Literature may be the reflection of

the society. Literature is feeling it is not deeds to the mirror."

This definition of literature I got after reading various books. So,

literature is one of the best sources of reading through that we can fly in

the sky because it couldn't provide the external malaises but also the

 For example- Poets like R. W. Emerson and H. D. Thoreau talks about

the inner life of people, while -

"The White Tiger" by Arvind Adiga - talks about the external affairs of

society in which individual’s life. Their lives are destroyed by the

impact of society. As Rousseau's comment that "Man was essentially

good and was corrupted by the influence of society".

Thus, i got the idea of external and internal affairs of people and

moreover life itself after reading the literature.

In short reading the things especially literature connects the dots which

are speeded either and thither. Moreover it is gives the title also because

I read various poets, writers, and what not who are coming with various

cultures, new ideas with different titles and so on. So, obviously it

speared our knowledge.

Thus, reading it not for the sake of reading but it is for the sake of life.

So, what I think that due to reading life becomes better. The habit of

reading is at every perspective good for human beings because it is

increase one's level of thinking and imagining. In short it spread the

roots and definitely one day it is became "A BIG TREE" which gave its

fruits to everyone.

Jayshree Solanki

Generally, reading means understanding the meaning of printed words or symbols.

However, in different points of time, we read for different purposes.

We read to communicate thoughts and ideas. The same word in a sentence can

have different meanings.

For example, when we visit a book fair, we do not go through a book in detail. We

simply read a summary of the book printed on the back cover to know the subject

On other hand, when we read a text book, we probably go through all the details

and try to understand the topics and concepts thorough

Two important factors involved in reading are as follows:

 Time taken to read

 Subject matter understood

Therefore, we can say that there are different techniques of readings.

Conclusion

It can be said that Literature has vast image and which was prevalent

into every corner of the world. Still the traditional method of reading is

preferred by the people, as it is a new concept, it will take people to

change their mode of reading. The benefits of reading should be

conveyed to those who are no aware of it. It is not necessary that People

should be educated enough to enhance their abilities. During our

research we explore our knowledge of collaborative work; we also got

the chance how to implement theory in practice. It improves our

practical knowledge and also got chance to meet different people it has

also increased our confidence. It is memorable experience to be a part of

this group work.

Suggestions

Ø Readers should not just read out but also apply that thing into their

practical life because writer also has some intention behind his/her work.

Ø They must read online so that they can ever get connect with the ideas of

Ø They should use Social media like Facebook, Twitter, What app for

increasing their reading habit for personal development

Ø Older or newer should not interfere each other means all are perfect in

Ø People said we won’t have time but I think they should also give priority

to read so they can easily manage everything.

Ø They suggest us to study but they must say that you should be dutiful

towards your job and your work.  (Hemingway)

Bibliography

Hemingway, Earnest. The old man and The sea. United States: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1952.

Thakore, Shreya. Communication skills. Ahmedabad: Books India Publications, 2015.

For more sources you can visit:

http://www.coiradio.com/library/library/ethics/the_codes_of_training/72

http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2908&contex

t=libphilprac

http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Vol14-

issue6/C01461317.pdf?id=6916

http://www.lifehack.org/articles/featured/14-ways-to-cultivate-a-

lifetime-reading-habit.html

http://www.wikihow.com/Develop-Your-Reading-Habit

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658361213000747

http://www.narendramodi.in/vanche-gujarat%E2%80%99-

%E2%80%98samay-dan%E2%80%99-two-unique-movements-in-the-

state-3531

She Walks In Beauty. By: George Gordon Byron

Poetry:

She Walks In Beauty.

By: George Gordon Byron

George Gordon was one of the most colourful personalities in English literature. He was a born rebel and expose the hypocrites of his age. As pointed by C. M. Bowra,

  “Though Byron abandoned Romantic view of the imagination and practical a new realistic art, he did not altogether abandon some themes and ideas which means most to the romantics like the Romantics he had a deep love for nature freedom, passion, melancholy and romance.”

     In 1809 he had done a tour of Mediterranean. He had visited Portugal, Spain Malta, Albania, Greece, and Turkey. Returning in 1811, he published a long poem based on these travels. Child Harold “Pilgrimage” in 1812. He soon because the cult figure and ideal for the youth. His most famous work were Dan Juan child Han. The outstanding feature of his poetry are the vitality descriptive power and the stem of his personality, Drama’s in blunt verse.

  

          “She Walks In Beauty” written in 1815 is the first of the Hebrew Melodies, this poem is inspired by the legendary beauty of Lady Wilmot. The poem is an Idealized picture of a woman. Its common defect is the lack of ring of sincerity about it. A Good painter bakes come to see that there is a perfect balance of light and shade in his picture sketch a balance is maintained in the pen-portrait of this beautiful women. The editor once said that-

  “These stanzas were: written by Lord Byron on returning from a ball room where he had seen Mrs. Wilmot Horton a cousin of Lady Byron on this occasion Mrs. Wilmot Horton had appeared in mourning with numerous spangles on her dress.”

   The poem is divided in to three having lines each, the rhyme is ab, ab, ab.

  “She dream in beauty, like the night of cloudless dimes and stony skies cloudless”.

  Byron’s dream girl is beauty incarnate she is as beautiful as the night of cloudless climate and starry skies. Her physical beauty corresponds to natural beauty of night. In a fine simile he composes the beauty of the women.

“And all that’s best of dark and bright meet in her aspect and her eyes.”

          He adds that a woman’s beauty is but a reflection of her inner beauty- the beauty of her heart and soul. Thus a truly beautiful women is not only beautiful in body but in soul and mind as well-Plato’s expression of beautiful soul.

“Where thoughts serenely sweet express How pure, how dear their dealing – place.”

           The wood ‘Mellowed’ in fifteen line suggests the perfect balancing of contraries- best of dark bright which are blended so perfectly in her aspect that  any attempt to add or subtract will ‘half’ impaired her balanced beauty. In second stanza, He call her as ‘Nameless Grace’.

“The smiles that win,

 The tints that glow.

But tell of days in goodness spent,

A mind at peace with all below.”

            The poem personifies beauty in all its aspects: physical mental and emotional. She is gorgeous. Her thoughts admire their ‘dwelling place’- the mind. The beautiful lady’s smile is so soft and yet so eloquent that it spreads all over her cheek and eyebrow. Her smile is powerful enough to win anyone’s heart that comes under her spell.